Which of the following refers to the process of taking in materials by breathing through the nose or mouth?

The process of taking in materials by breathing through the nose or mouth is referred to as inhalation. This term specifically describes the action of drawing air (or any other gaseous substance) into the lungs, which is a critical function when evaluating exposure to hazardous materials. Understanding inhalation is essential for hazmat responders as it directly relates to how contaminants can enter the body and the potential health impacts that may arise from such exposure.

In contrast, absorption refers to the process by which substances are taken up by the skin or other surfaces, rather than through the respiratory system. Ingestion involves taking substances into the body through the digestive tract, typically via mouth, and does not correlate to breathing. Penetration commonly refers to the process by which chemicals or hazardous materials pass through protective barriers or materials, but does not specifically pertain to the process of breathing. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for handling hazardous materials safely and effectively.